Emerging Technologies

Sample questions

Showing 20 of 70 questions from this chapter. The full bank is in the chapter test below.

1. 1

   Which technology allows a single physical computer to run several independent virtual machines, each with its own operating system?

   • A.Load balancing
   • B.Container orchestration
   • C.Content delivery
   • D.✓ Virtualization (correct answer)

   Why: Virtualization lets one physical machine host multiple virtual machines, each running its own operating system and applications as if it were a separate computer. Load balancing only spreads traffic across machines that already exist; it does not create them.
2. 2

   What is the difference between scalability and elasticity in cloud computing?

   • A.✓ Scalability means adding resources to handle a larger load, while elasticity means resources adjust automatically up and down as demand changes (correct answer)
   • B.Scalability applies only to storage, while elasticity applies only to processors
   • C.Scalability is always automatic, while elasticity always needs manual approval
   • D.They describe exactly the same behaviour

   Why: Scalability is the ability to grow capacity to meet a bigger load, whereas elasticity is the automatic, reversible adjustment in both directions as demand rises and falls. Treating them as identical ignores the scaling back down that defines elasticity.
3. 3

   A student suddenly needs extra online storage for a project and rents it from a cloud provider within minutes instead of buying a hard disk. Which cloud concept does this illustrate?

   • A.Virtualization
   • B.Elasticity
   • C.✓ On-demand access (correct answer)
   • D.Multi-cloud

   Why: On-demand access means computing resources can be obtained whenever they are needed, without a long purchase or setup process. Virtualization is the mechanism that lets the provider create those resources, but the immediate self-service availability is what the example shows.
4. 4

   Which statement best describes the pay-as-you-go pricing model of cloud computing?

   • A.✓ Customers pay only for the resources they actually consume (correct answer)
   • B.Customers pay a fixed yearly fee no matter how much they use
   • C.Customers pay once when the service is first configured
   • D.Customers pay for the physical servers they have bought and installed

   Why: Cloud charges follow actual consumption, so capacity that is not used costs nothing. A fixed fee regardless of use, and buying your own servers, both describe the on-premises approach that cloud computing replaces.
5. 5

   Which of the following is offered under Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)?

   • A.A finished email application that users simply subscribe to
   • B.A managed environment of middleware and deployment tools for writing code
   • C.A customer-relationship suite used directly by sales staff
   • D.✓ Rentable virtual servers, storage and networking on a pay-as-you-go basis (correct answer)

   Why: IaaS supplies the raw computing building blocks - servers, storage and networking - which the customer configures as needed. A finished application is Software as a Service, and a managed coding and deployment environment is Platform as a Service.
6. 6

   A company must run an application that depends on a specific operating system configuration it will manage itself. Which cloud service model allows this?

   • A.Software as a Service (SaaS)
   • B.✓ Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) (correct answer)
   • C.Platform as a Service (PaaS)
   • D.Content delivery network (CDN)

   Why: Only IaaS leaves the operating system under the customer's control, because the provider stops at the virtual hardware layer. In both SaaS and PaaS the operating system and platform stay with the provider.
7. 7

   A team must deploy a web application but does not want to install or maintain servers, operating systems or middleware. Which cloud service model fits best?

   • A.✓ Platform as a Service (PaaS) (correct answer)
   • B.Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
   • C.Software as a Service (SaaS)
   • D.Private cloud

   Why: PaaS provides the infrastructure, middleware and deployment tools so the team only writes and ships its own code. IaaS would leave the operating system and middleware for the team to manage, and SaaS is for using someone else's finished software.
8. 8

   Which cloud service model is aimed at end users who subscribe and use finished software over the internet, with the provider handling hardware and updates?

   • A.Platform as a Service (PaaS)
   • B.Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
   • C.✓ Software as a Service (SaaS) (correct answer)
   • D.Serverless architecture

   Why: SaaS delivers ready-to-use applications such as webmail and online office suites, and the provider keeps them patched and running. Serverless architecture is aimed at developers running their own code, not at end users consuming a finished application.
9. 9

   Which pairing of an emerging technology with its description is correct?

   • A.Biotechnology: building processors from semiconductor materials
   • B.Quantum computing: connecting household appliances to the internet
   • C.Virtual reality: adding digital labels on top of a live camera view
   • D.✓ Blockchain: recording transactions in a shared ledger that many computers keep in sync (correct answer)

   Why: Blockchain is a shared, replicated record of transactions that many computers maintain together. Connecting appliances is the Internet of Things, adding digital labels to a live view is augmented reality, and biotechnology uses living organisms rather than semiconductors.
10. 10

    What is a public cloud?

    • A.✓ A cloud service offered over the internet and shared among many organizations, run by a third-party provider (correct answer)
    • B.A cloud environment reserved for the exclusive use of one organization
    • C.A cloud that combines private and public infrastructure
    • D.A cloud built only from free and open-source software

    Why: A public cloud is multi-tenant infrastructure owned by a provider and offered over the internet. Exclusive use by a single organization describes a private cloud, and the public-plus-private combination is a hybrid cloud.
11. 11

    A bank wants its sensitive customer records held only on infrastructure that no other organization can access. Which deployment model fits best?

    • A.Public cloud
    • B.Community cloud
    • C.✓ Private cloud (correct answer)
    • D.Multi-cloud

    Why: A private cloud is dedicated to one organization, whether hosted on its own premises or by a third party, so no other tenant shares the hardware. A community cloud is still shared, just with organizations that have common concerns, so it does not meet an exclusive-use requirement.
12. 12

    A company keeps confidential payroll data on servers it controls but runs its public website on rented cloud servers, and shifts some processing to the rented servers during peak sales. Which model is this?

    • A.Multi-cloud
    • B.✓ Hybrid cloud (correct answer)
    • C.Public cloud
    • D.Community cloud

    Why: A hybrid cloud combines a private environment with a public one and allows workloads to move between them. Multi-cloud means using services from several providers at the same time, which is a different idea from the public and private split described here.
13. 13

    What is meant by a multi-cloud strategy?

    • A.Running one application on several servers in different regions of a single provider
    • B.Splitting a private cloud between two of the company's own data centres
    • C.Using a public cloud for peak load and a private cloud for the rest
    • D.✓ Using services from two or more different cloud providers at the same time (correct answer)

    Why: Multi-cloud means deliberately using several providers for different business or technical needs, which avoids depending on a single vendor. Spreading one provider's services across regions is still a single cloud, and combining public with private is hybrid cloud.
14. 14

    Several hospitals with the same data-privacy obligations share a cloud environment that a provider hosts only for them. Which deployment model is described?

    • A.✓ Community cloud (correct answer)
    • B.Public cloud
    • C.Hybrid cloud
    • D.Private cloud

    Why: A community cloud is shared by a group of organizations that have common concerns, such as identical regulatory duties. A public cloud is open to any customer, and a private cloud serves a single organization.
15. 15

    In general terms, what is the trade-off between public and private clouds?

    • A.Public clouds are more secure but more expensive, while private clouds are cheaper but slower
    • B.Both models offer the same cost and the same level of tenant control
    • C.✓ Public clouds are cheaper but give less control because hardware is shared with other tenants, while private clouds cost more and give greater control and security (correct answer)
    • D.Private clouds cannot run standard business applications

    Why: Because a public cloud's cost is spread across many tenants, it is cheaper but less exclusive, which affects control and security; a private cloud is dedicated, so it costs more and gives tighter control. Claiming identical cost and control ignores that difference.
16. 16

    What is the main advantage of keeping files in cloud storage rather than only on one local hard disk?

    • A.The files become smaller in size
    • B.✓ The files can be reached from anywhere, shared easily, and survive the failure of a single local device (correct answer)
    • C.The files can be opened without any network connection
    • D.The files can never be deleted by their owner

    Why: Cloud storage keeps the data on remote servers, so access is not tied to one device and one failed disk does not destroy the only copy. Opening files offline still needs a local copy, and the owner can still delete them.
17. 17

    What is the main purpose of a content delivery network (CDN)?

    • A.✓ Caching content on servers located near users so pages load faster (correct answer)
    • B.Storing encrypted backups of customer databases
    • C.Renting virtual servers on a pay-as-you-go basis
    • D.Translating website content into several languages

    Why: A CDN keeps cached copies at many locations, so a request is served from a nearby point instead of a distant origin server, which cuts delay. Renting virtual servers is IaaS, and backups are a storage service rather than content delivery.
18. 18

    What advantage do cloud platforms such as AWS SageMaker and Google Cloud AI give to teams building machine learning models?

    • A.They remove the need for any training data
    • B.They guarantee that the finished model will be accurate
    • C.They choose and write the algorithm without any human involvement
    • D.✓ They supply the large amounts of computing power needed for training and deployment without the team buying its own hardware (correct answer)

    Why: These services rent out the heavy computation that model training requires, so a team does not need its own cluster of machines. They still depend on data and human design decisions, so the other options overstate what they do.
19. 19

    Which set of practices best reduces the risk of a data breach when an organization stores sensitive data in the cloud?

    • A.Keeping all data in one account protected by a single shared password
    • B.✓ Encrypting the data, using strong authentication, and reviewing security policies regularly (correct answer)
    • C.Switching off access logging to save storage space
    • D.Leaving all protection to the provider and taking no measures itself

    Why: Encryption protects the data itself, strong authentication limits who can reach it, and regular reviews catch weak configurations. Trusting the provider alone leaves the customer's own accounts, keys and settings unprotected.
20. 20

    An organization's monthly cloud bill keeps rising even though its workload has not changed. Which action most directly addresses the cause?

    • A.Moving every workload back to a private cloud immediately
    • B.Stopping the encryption of stored data
    • C.✓ Monitoring resource usage and releasing idle or oversized resources (correct answer)
    • D.Signing a longer contract without changing the resources in use

    Why: Cloud charges follow actual consumption, so creeping costs usually mean resources are idle or larger than the workload needs; monitoring and right-sizing removes that waste. Dropping encryption would save nothing while creating a serious security risk.